A study of the production and metabolic fate of 4-methylumbelliferone in rats: quantitation of fecal and urinary excretion.
4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU), an analog of 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-benzimidazole-3-one-1-carboxylate (Citroflex), a microbial metabolite, was studied in rats using 4MU-O-3-acetate (4MU-O-Ac) as the tracer. The results of urinary excretion indicated that 4MU-O-Ac is metabolized by the liver but not by the kidneys. This result is not unexpected, since 4MU-O-Ac has a similar structure to 4MU and 4MU-O-Ac could exist as a derivative of 4MU, so both 4MU-O-Ac and 4MU could metabolize by the liver but not by the kidneys.Barcodes have been widely used in retail, transportation and commercial environments to control and sort different items. Generally, a barcode comprises a sequence of alphanumeric characters in the form of bars and spaces that represent data. The barcode generally consists of a sequence of black and white bars of varying widths (spaces) separating character groups. The computer and software for decoding barcodes is typically referred to as a scanner.
A barcode may be printed on or attached to an object for easy identification. These barcodes are often referred to as labels and come in a wide variety of forms including: (1) a flat label attached to the object, (2) a label embedded within an object, and (3) a so-called tag or “smart label” which is part of the object and contains processing circuitry for determining and using information, such as, for example, a barcode. Often, a label or tag is attached to an object with an adhesive and a transparent layer of protection may be applied to protect the label or tag.
The use of labels (whether flat or embedded) is rapidly expanding in many industries, e.g., retail, transportation, commercial, etc. A barcode is commonly associated with each product and when the product is scanned, the barcode is read, processed and associated with the product. The stored information is typically used to track the product through the supply chain.
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